The Monkeypox virus (MPOX) is a rare and contagious disease primarily found in rural areas of Central and West Africa. However, in recent years, cases have been reported in other countries, including India. The first case of the Monkeypox virus in India was recorded in 2022, and since then, several cases have emerged. Although the spread of the infection has been relatively slow, the Indian Ministry of Health and the World Health Organization (WHO) are monitoring the virus closely and taking necessary measures for its control.
In 2022, the first case of the Monkeypox virus in India was confirmed in a person from Kerala who had recently travelled abroad. Following this, a few more cases were reported. By 2024, the total number of Monkeypox virus cases in India has exceeded 20. Most of these patients have fully recovered, while some are still undergoing treatment. The government has implemented measures such as airport screenings, monitoring of infected individuals, and contact tracing. Additionally, quarantine and isolation facilities have been set up for suspected cases.
What is the Monkeypox Virus?
Monkeypox is a viral zoonotic disease, meaning it spreads from animals to humans. The virus belongs to the Poxviridae family, which also includes the smallpox virus. The Monkeypox virus outbreak is primarily seen in monkeys and other small mammals, but it can also spread to humans who come into contact with infected animals.
Symptoms of Monkeypox Virus – The symptoms of Monkeypox resemble those of smallpox but are generally milder. Symptoms appear 5 to 21 days after infection and include:
- Fever: High fever may occur in the early days of infection.
- Headache: Severe headaches are a key symptom of Monkeypox.
- Body Ache: Muscle and joint pain may be experienced.
- Swelling: Lymph node swelling, which is not seen in smallpox.
- Fatigue: Extreme fatigue and weakness may be felt.
- Rashes: Red rashes appear on the face, hands, and feet, which later turn into blisters and scabs.
Spread of Monkeypox Virus – The Monkeypox virus can spread in several ways, including:
- Contact with Infected Animals: The virus can spread through bites, scratches, or direct contact with the blood, bodily fluids, or skin of infected animals.
- Human-to-Human Transmission: The virus can spread through contact with the skin lesions, bodily fluids, or respiratory droplets of an infected person. Additionally, coming into contact with objects (like clothing, bedding) used by an infected person can also lead to infection.
- Foodborne Infection: The virus can also spread through the consumption of meat from infected animals, especially if the meat is not fully cooked.
Treatment of Monkeypox Virus –There is no specific treatment for Monkeypox, but some measures can be taken to manage its symptoms, including:
- Antiviral Medications: In some cases, antiviral drugs like Tecovirimat, which are considered effective against the Monkeypox virus, may be administered.
- Symptomatic Treatment: Medications like Paracetamol and antihistamines can be given to reduce fever, pain, and itching.
- Hydration and Nutrition: Intravenous fluids may be given to keep the patient hydrated and address nutritional deficiencies.
- Wound Care: It is important to keep the skin lesions clean and dry. Antiseptics should be applied to prevent infection.
Preventive Measures Against Monkeypox Virus – To prevent Monkeypox virus infection, the following measures can be adopted:
- Avoid Contact with Infected Animals: Maintain distance from wild animals, especially monkeys and small mammals.
- Avoid Physical Contact: Avoid physical contact with individuals showing symptoms of Monkeypox.
- Maintain Hygiene: Regular handwashing and personal hygiene are important.
- Vaccination: The smallpox vaccine may provide some protection against Monkeypox since both viruses belong to the same family.
Monkeypox is a serious but controllable disease. Although cases are gradually increasing in India, the steps taken by the government and health organizations have helped control the spread of the virus. By maintaining personal hygiene, staying informed, and seeking timely treatment, the virus can be avoided. The public should obtain accurate information about Monkeypox and avoid any misconceptions. There is potential for the development of more effective measures and vaccines in the future, which could help fully control this disease.